Blood cells and extracellular vesicles

The core function of the Finnish Red Cross Blood Service is to manufacture lifesaving products from donated blood. Therefore, a strong science-based understanding and continuous development of these blood products are essential. Our current research focuses on three key areas: blood cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), platelets, and serum eye drops. These areas are led by two principal investigators: R&D Manager, PI Saara Laitinen, PhD (blood cell derived EVs), and Research Director Pia Siljander, Associate Professor (platelets and the serum eye drop consortium).

Over the past two decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have transformed our understanding of cell-to-cell communication. These small (30–500 nm), lipid bilayer-enclosed particles are released by all cells and function as key molecular messengers between cells and tissues. As blood is a rich source of EVs, it is important to understand both their specific physiological roles and their potential as a source of novel blood-based therapies.

Among blood cells, platelets are—together with red blood cells—the most abundant. However, their functional significance beyond hemostasis is only now beginning to be fully appreciated. Platelets are highly agile, multifunctional cells that orchestrate cellular responses in physiological processes such as immunity and inflammation, as well as in diseases including cardiovascular and cancer. Investigating these roles will also enhance our understanding of platelet function in the context of transfusion.

Serum, the liquid fraction of blood formed during coagulation, is enriched with bioactive components released during clotting and platelet activation. It is a rich source of molecules capable of influencing wound healing and inflammation. The use of allogeneic serum eye drops represents a practical application of harnessing the regenerative potential of blood to benefit patients suffering from dry eye disease.

Finally, whole blood contains all the blood components required for the treatment of major hemorrhage. In emergency and exceptional situations, whole blood may be preferable to individual blood components typically used in standard care. Under the leadership of Jouni Lauronen, MD, PhD, studies have been conducted to evaluate the feasibility and safety of whole blood products, supporting their potential use in clinical practice.

Principal investigators